China Pledges Modest Emission Cuts by 2035, Sparking Debate
China, the world's largest carbon emitter, has pledged to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 7-10% from peak levels by 2035. This announcement, made at a United Nations climate summit, marks the first time China has committed to an absolute reduction target, though many experts consider it insufficient to meet global climate goals. The pledge comes as nearly 100 countries are expected to finalize or set new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) before COP30 in November.
China's Commitment and Expert Reactions
President Xi Jinping announced the emissions cut via video, stating that China would strive to do better. However, the exact peak year was not specified. This target is seen by some as a starting point, with potential for overachievement, while others argue that a 30% reduction from 2023 levels is needed to align with the 1.5°C warming pathway. Lauri Myllyvirta, lead analyst at the Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), suggested that China could realistically achieve a 30% reduction by 2030 with rapid clean energy deployment.
Global Context and Other Nation's Pledges
The European Union also announced plans to cut emissions, with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen stating that the EU would aim for a 66-72% reduction from 1990 levels by 2035. However, this target is still subject to internal consensus. In Southeast Asia, most major countries have yet to release updated NDCs, highlighting a disparity in climate action ambition across the globe.
Expert Analysis and Future Outlook
Analysts are divided on the significance of China's pledge. Some view it as underwhelming but acknowledge China's tendency to "under-promise and over-deliver," driven by its booming clean technology sector. Others, like EU climate commissioner Wopke Hoekstra, express disappointment, stating that it makes reaching global climate goals more challenging. Despite differing opinions, there is a general consensus that China's role in the global energy transition is crucial, and its actions will significantly impact the world's ability to address climate change.
| Country/Region | Emission Reduction Target by 2035 |
|---|---|
| China | 7-10% from peak levels |
| European Union | 66-72% from 1990 levels |
| Brazil | 59-67% (Specific Base Year Not Explicitly Mentioned in All Sources) |
| Australia | 62-70% below 2005 levels |
