Australia and Papua New Guinea Set to Sign Historic Pukpuk Defence Treaty Amid Rising China Influence

Australia and Papua New Guinea Forge Historic Defence Treaty: The Pukpuk Treaty

Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) are set to solidify their relationship with the signing of the Pukpuk Treaty, a landmark mutual defence agreement. This treaty, expected to be signed on October 6, 2025, represents Australia's first formal alliance since 1951 and aims to strengthen security cooperation in the face of rising tensions in the Pacific region.

Key Provisions of the Pukpuk Treaty

The Pukpuk Treaty signifies a new era of security cooperation between Australia and PNG. The treaty commits both nations to defend each other against military attacks, marking a significant step up from previous security arrangements.

• The treaty establishes a mutual defence agreement, committing both nations to defend each other against military attacks.
• It includes provisions for PNG citizens to join the Australian Defence Force (ADF), with potentially up to 10,000 PNG citizens serving under dual arrangements.
• The treaty grants Australia veto power over PNG's security partnerships with other countries, a clause widely understood to be aimed at limiting Chinese influence.

Strategic Implications and Regional Context

This treaty reflects Australia's shifting strategic priorities in the Pacific, particularly in response to China's growing influence. The "third party" clause, granting Australia veto rights over PNG's security partnerships, is a key element in this strategic calculus.

"This treaty is not just about maintaining barracks and boats," Marape said in the statement. "We are investing in both hardware and software for defence so that we can effectively police our borders and safeguard our nation."

Reactions and Perspectives

While the treaty is seen as a crucial step in strengthening ties between Australia and PNG, it has also drawn criticism. Some regional observers caution against seeing the agreement as a zero-sum game between Australia and China, highlighting the importance of PNG's sovereignty and its right to maintain relationships with other partners.

Former PNG defence force commander Jerry Singirok voiced concerns about the long-term implications for PNG's constitution, stating, "It's a disaster if we enter into this without understanding the long-term implications on our constitution."

Looking Ahead

The Pukpuk Treaty represents a significant development in the relationship between Australia and Papua New Guinea. While challenges remain, the treaty signals a commitment to partnership, resilience, and mutual respect, as both nations navigate the complex security landscape of the Pacific region. The agreement still needs to be presented to the parliaments of both countries for ratification.